Conditions Treated
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the limbs — most commonly the legs — become narrowed or blocked by plaque build-up, similar to the process that causes coronary artery disease. Reduced blood flow can affect mobility and, in advanced cases, threaten the affected limb. PAD is also an important marker of overall cardiovascular risk, as it often coexists with disease in the heart and other blood vessels.
Recognising the Signs
Symptoms
PAD symptoms range from mild to severe, and some people have no symptoms at all in the early stages:
- Leg pain, cramping, or fatigue during walking that resolves with rest (claudication)
- Numbness or weakness in the legs
- Coldness in the lower leg or foot, particularly compared with the other side
- Sores or wounds on the toes, feet, or legs that heal slowly or not at all
- Changes in skin color or shiny skin over the legs
- In advanced disease, pain at rest, particularly at night
Evaluation
Diagnosis
Evaluation aims to confirm the diagnosis, determine its severity, and identify the specific arteries involved:
Clinical examination
Including assessment of pulses in the limbs.
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
A simple non-invasive test comparing blood pressure in the ankle and arm.
Doppler ultrasound
To assess blood flow and locate blockages.
CT or MR angiography
For detailed imaging of the affected arteries.
Invasive angiography
Typically performed when intervention is being planned.
Tailored Care
Treatment Options
Treatment is guided by the severity of symptoms and the extent of arterial blockage:
Lifestyle measures
Structured walking programs, smoking cessation, and risk factor control, which are effective for many patients with mild to moderate disease.
Medical therapy
Medications to improve blood flow, reduce clot risk, and manage cholesterol and blood pressure.
Endovascular intervention
Minimally invasive procedures such as balloon angioplasty and stenting to open blocked arteries, including in the renal and carotid circulations when relevant.
Renal denervation therapy
For select patients with related resistant hypertension.
Surgical bypass
Reserved for more extensive disease not suitable for endovascular treatment, performed in coordination with vascular surgery.
Wound care and limb preservation
Strategies for patients with advanced disease or non-healing ulcers.
Early diagnosis and treatment of PAD not only preserve limb function but also provide an important opportunity to assess and manage overall cardiovascular risk, including the heart and brain circulation.
Consult Dr. Godbole
Protecting limbs, protecting the heart
From diagnosis to endovascular intervention, a careful assessment of peripheral artery disease is also an opportunity to protect your overall cardiovascular health.
Director & Senior Consultant · Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) Hospital, Electronic City
